{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-54404", "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck", "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T17:10:41.641Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-01T17:11:13.762Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T21:44:56.091Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10", "shortName": "VulnCheck", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T21:44:56.091Z"}, "title": "Zod 4.6.5 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Array Validation", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions."}], "tags": ["x_open-source"], "datePublic": "2023-01-12T00:00:00.000Z", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "cweId": "CWE-770", "description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling", "type": "CWE"}]}], "affected": [{"defaultStatus": "unknown", "vendor": "colinhacks", "product": "zod", "packageURL": "pkg:github/colinhacks/zod", "repo": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.6.5"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:zod:zod:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndIncluding": "4.6.5"}]}]}], "metrics": [{"format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}], "cvssV4_0": {"attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "version": "4.0", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.2, "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"}}, {"format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}], "cvssV3_1": {"attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "version": "3.1", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872", "name": "Researcher Disclosure", "tags": ["technical-description"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475", "name": "Closed Pull Request", "tags": ["issue-tracking"]}, {"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation", "tags": ["third-party-advisory"]}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Axel Habermaier (axel-habermaier)", "type": "finder"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "Alessio Della Libera", "type": "finder"}], "source": {"discovery": "UNKNOWN"}, "x_generator": {"engine": "vulncheck"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unknown", "packageURL": "pkg:github/colinhacks/zod", "product": "zod", "repo": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod", "vendor": "colinhacks", "versions": [{"lessThanOrEqual": "4.6.5", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions."}], "id": "CVE-2023-54404", "lastModified": "2026-10-01T18:17:11.040", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "type": "Primary"}], "cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-10-01T18:17:11.040", "references": [{"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872"}, {"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475"}, {"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation"}], "sourceIdentifier": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "vulnStatus": "Received", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-770"}], "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "type": "Primary"}]}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,4.6.5]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "cna", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "cna"}]}, "original": {"product": "zod", "source": "cna", "vendor": "colinhacks"}, "product": "zod", "vendor": "colinhacks"}], "created": "2026-10-01T19:00:16.376026+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-01T19:33:27.577184+00:00", "vendors": ["colinhacks", "colinhacks$PRODUCT$zod"]}