| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| OPNsense is a FreeBSD based firewall and routing platform. Prior to version 26.1.11, src/www/system_advanced_admin.php reads certificate records into $a_cert but omits that array from legacy_html_escape_form_data() before rendering each certificate descr value in the SSL Certificate selector. The certificate description accepts HTML metacharacters, allowing a user with the page-system-certmanager privilege to store markup that executes when another user opens System Settings Administration. This issue is fixed in version 26.1.11. |
| Gitea's Jupyter notebook renderer inserts the notebook's language_info.name metadata into a CSS class attribute while disabling sanitization and rendering directly in the main document without an iframe sandbox. A malicious repository notebook can supply multiple CSS classes that create a viewport-covering overlay and intercept clicks when another user views it. The reported impact is UI redress; script execution was not demonstrated. |
| The MCP Python SDK, called mcp on PyPI, is a Python implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP). From 1.8.0 until 1.30.0 and 2.2.0, stateful Streamable HTTP servers, including FastMCP, MCPServer, Server.streamable_http_app(), and StreamableHTTPSessionManager, retain session entries without an idle expiration or aggregate session-count limit. DELETE, refused opening requests, and completed sessions do not reliably discard their entries, and each entry can retain parsed initialize parameters. A client that can reach the endpoint can therefore create ordinary short requests that grow server memory without bound until restart. Stateless HTTP, stdio, and SSE transports are not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 1.30.0 and 2.2.0. |
| FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.18.0, FileRise flattens logical folder paths into metadata filenames by replacing separators and spaces with hyphens, so distinct folders such as team/docs and team-docs can share one metadata file. Because uploader metadata is used to authorize read_own and ownership-restricted edits, a low-privileged user who controls one colliding folder, knows the target basename, and already has read_own access to the target folder can alter the metadata used by that folder, make the victim file appear attacker-owned, read it, and modify it when edit-own permission is also available. This issue is fixed in version 3.18.0. |
| EspoCRM is an open source customer relationship management application. Prior to 9.3.9, a user with Email Template or PDF Template edit permission can store crafted HTML that bypasses moderateSanitizeHtml(). When another user opens the template in edit mode and clientCspDisabled is true, the stored payload executes and can hijack the user's session. This issue is fixed in version 9.3.9. |
| A relative path traversal vulnerability has been reported to affect QuMagie. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to read the contents of unexpected files or system data.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:
QuMagie 2.9.1 and later |
| The Akamai Guardicore Platform Agent (GPA) before 7.4 for macOS is affected by a local privilege escalation vulnerability within the wapptunneld component. The vulnerability is caused by a lack of input validation when the service uses network interface names to execute system utilities, resulting in command injection. An unprivileged local user with permissions to modify network interface names can exploit this by renaming a network interface to include a malicious shell payload via System Settings. When the "Log out from your IdP" action is subsequently triggered, the wapptunneld service processes the poisoned interface name, leading to the execution of arbitrary commands with root privileges. |
| The Premium Packages – Sell Digital Products Securely plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Unauthenticated Stored Cross-Site Scripting via 'order_email' in all versions up to, and including, 7.0.5 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. |
| Nezha from 2.0.13 before 2.3.15 contains a resource exhaustion vulnerability that allows authenticated users to open unbounded concurrent connections to the /api/v1/ws/transfer WebSocket endpoint. Attackers can hold thousands of subscriptions created by ServerTransferClass.Subscribe without limits, exhausting file descriptors, memory, and goroutines and blocking agent gRPC reconnections. |
| pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can use usernames containing single quotes and shell metacharacters to break out of the eval'd pfctl anchor name on connect or disconnect. |
| A denial of service vulnerability exists in the XML parsing of multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. OpenNMS parsed XML without an effective limit on entity expansion. A document with a DOCTYPE that declares internal entities can expand to a very large value and exhaust the server memory. An authenticated user with provisioning access can supply such a document through a requisition or foreign-source import, which includes a remote requisition URL that the server fetches and parses. Both deeply nested entities and a single large entity referenced many times cause the memory exhaustion. The fix caps the number of entity expansions for all XML parsing and rejects any DOCTYPE in requisition and foreign-source XML.
The solution is to upgrade to Meridian 2024.3.14, 2025.0.11, 2026.0.1 and Horizon 36.0.5 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization's private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet. |
| SoX through 14.4.2 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in lsx_ms_adpcm_block_expand_i() in src/adpcm.c, triggered by an odd samplesPerBlock value in the WAV fmt chunk. Attackers can supply a crafted MS ADPCM WAV file to sox or any libsox consumer to write a partially controlled 16-bit sample past the heap buffer allocated by wav_ms_adpcm_fmt(). |
| A vulnerability was found in cemtan sar2html 4.0.0. The affected element is the function updateDb of the file sar2html.py of the component Archive Processing. The manipulation of the argument s2host results in sql injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet. |
| Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6.0.0 and version 8.7.0.0, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.60 contain an improper neutralization
of special elements used in an OS command injection vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary command execution with root privileges. |
| xhtml2pdf before 0.2.19 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in pisa.startViewer() that allows attackers to execute commands by interpolating unescaped file names into os.system. Attackers can supply an input file whose name contains a double quote and shell metacharacters, which runs OS commands as the invoking user when the pisa tool is used with -s/--start-viewer. |
| ### Summary
`qs.stringify` with `arrayFormat: 'comma'` throws `TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value` when an array element cannot be coerced to a string, such as an object with an own non-callable `toString` (`{ "toString": "x" }`) or a null-prototype object. The comma format joins array elements with `Array.prototype.join` and, under `encodeValuesOnly`, first passes each element through `String()` in `utils.encode`; neither guards against an element whose string coercion fails.
### Details
In `lib/stringify.js`, the comma branch collapses the array with `obj.join(',')`. For an element whose own `toString` is not callable, `ToPrimitive` skips it, falls through to `Object.prototype.valueOf` (which returns the object itself), and throws. Under `encodeValuesOnly: true`, the same element first reaches `String(str)` in `utils.encode` (`lib/utils.js`) and throws there. Nested arrays (`{ "a": [[{ "toString": "x" }]] }`) throw the same way, through `Array.prototype.toString`. The `indices`, `brackets`, and `repeat` formats walk into object elements instead of coercing them, and are not affected.
Such elements can come from untrusted input. `JSON.parse` produces `{ "a": [{ "toString": "x" }] }` with no qs option involved. `qs.parse("a[0][toString]=x", { allowPrototypes: true })` keeps the `toString` key, and `qs.parse("a[][b]=c", { plainObjects: true })` produces a null-prototype element; the default parse options drop `toString` and produce ordinary objects, which do not throw. Express 4's default `query parser`, Express 5's `extended` query parser, and body-parser's `urlencoded({ extended: true })` all call `qs.parse` with `allowPrototypes: true`.
#### PoC
```js
var qs = require("qs");
qs.stringify(JSON.parse("{\"a\":[{\"toString\":\"x\"}]}"), { arrayFormat: "comma" });
qs.stringify(qs.parse("a[0][toString]=x", { allowPrototypes: true }), { arrayFormat: "comma" });
qs.stringify(qs.parse("a[][b]=c", { plainObjects: true }), { arrayFormat: "comma", encodeValuesOnly: true });
// TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value
```
#### Fix
Applied in a952e75 on `main` and released as v6.16.1: an element whose string coercion would fail is coerced to its primitive `valueOf`, if any, or else to `Object.prototype.toString`, so it renders as `[object Object]`, the same as any other object element already does under the comma format. Nested arrays are walked the way `join` walks them. Every input that did not previously throw serializes exactly as before, and a `toString` or `valueOf` that itself throws still propagates.
### Affected versions
`>=6.7.0 <6.16.1`, fixed in v6.16.1.
The `join` path was introduced with the comma format in b84acba and first shipped in v6.7.0; v6.6.x and earlier ignore `arrayFormat: 'comma'` and are not affected. The `encodeValuesOnly` `String()` site was introduced in 4c4b23d (v6.11.1); before that, the same input throws at `join`. Every release from v6.7.0 through v6.16.0 is affected.
### Impact
An unauthenticated request can make any code path that re-serializes attacker-influenced data with `qs.stringify` and `arrayFormat: 'comma'` (for example, rebuilding a query string from `req.query` for a redirect or an upstream request, or serializing a parsed JSON body) throw synchronously. In a typical Node.js HTTP framework the throw is caught by the framework error boundary and the affected request returns a 500; the process survives and other requests are unaffected. Where the call runs outside an error boundary, such as an `async` Express 4 handler (where the throw becomes an unhandled promise rejection) or a bare `http` request handler, the process exits, so the impact in that case depends on the application error handling rather than on qs. The default `arrayFormat` (`indices`) is not affected. |
| The WPeMatico RSS Feed Fetcher plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting in versions up to, and including, 2.9 This is due to the plugin removing WordPress's wp_filter_post_kses filter from content_save_pre immediately before calling wp_insert_post() with RSS feed content, whenever the campaign's last editor had the unfiltered_html capability — a flag the plugin sets automatically for every admin-saved campaign. Imported item content is taken raw from $item->get_content(), only entity-decoded, and stored verbatim in post_content. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers, who publish or compromise an RSS feed that an administrator has subscribed a WPeMatico campaign to, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected imported post. |
| The multi-user installer in Nix before 2.35.3 sets the ownership of store contents to the user (who invoked the installer) even though it should be root ownership. |
| Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6.0.0 and version 8.7.0.0, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.60 contain an improper neutralization
of special elements used in an OS Command Injection vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary command execution with root privileges. |
| Out-of-bounds write in libsmkvextractor.so prior to SMR Oct-2026 Release 1 allows local attackers to write out-of-bounds memory. |
